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Campaigning
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ICT in protest, lobbying, petitioning and other forms of collective action (except of election campaigns, see electioneering as participation area). |
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Community building / Collaborative Environments
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ICT to support individuals come together to form communities, to progress shared agendas and to shape and empower such communities. |
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Consultation
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ICT in official initiatives by public or private agencies to allow stakeholders to contribute their opinion, either privately or publicly, on specific issues. |
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Deliberation
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ICT to support virtual, small and large-group discussions, allowing reflection and consideration of issues. |
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Discourse
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ICT to support analysis and representation of discourse. |
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Electioneering
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ICT to support politicians, political parties and lobbyists in the context of election campaigns. |
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Information Provision
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ICT to structure, represent and manage information in participation contexts. |
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Mediation
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ICT to resolve disputes or conflicts in an online context. |
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Polling
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ICT to measure public opinion and sentiment. |
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Spatial planning
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ICT in urban planning and environmental assessment. |
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Voting
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ICT in the context of public voting in elections, referenda or local plebiscites. |